Efficient coupling between a photonic crystal nanocavity and a waveguide with directional end-facet emission

Monolithic integration of photonic crystal lasers and waveguides is proposed using quantum well intermixing. Coupling between a double-heterostructure nanocavity and a regular single-line-defect waveguide is optimized to have a high coupling efficiency (93%) and a high quality factor (6.8× 103) without fine-tuning of the lattice. The design is completed with a waveguide exit of robust directional far-field. All calculations were performed using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.